In an example of how a remedy can sometimes exacerbate a problem, researchers now believe that certain antidepressant medications might actually suppress lactation. This could possibly increase the anxiety of new mothers, possibly contributing to depression and requiring additional support during an already difficult period.

To arrive at their findings, to be published in the upcoming issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM), researchers used both human and animal models to study how lactation was affected by the use of a common antidepressant drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs. Doctors also included observational findings concerning the impact of antidepressant medication on the timing of milk production in postpartum women

What they found was that when women were being treated with SSRI drugs, the median time until the onset of lactation was 85.8 hours. Doctors consider lactation to be delayed when activation of the breast secretory glands occurs later than 72 hours. Mothers who were not on medication experienced an onset of lactation after a median time of 69.1 hours.

The reason for the delay is believed to be rooted in mechanism of drugs, which is also the basis that makes them so effective in treating depression. SSRIs act by preventing the neurotransmitter, serotonin, from being removed from the cells. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is manufactured in the brain and helps to deliver signals between neurons. Many experts link serotonin levels to people’s moods, with low levels predisposing them to depression. SSRIs function by maintaining levels, thereby helping to stabilize moods.

However, the glands in the breasts that are responsible for milk production are also regulated by serotonin, so that the onset of lactation is influenced by the body’s ability to produce and regulate the neurotransmitter. While SSRIs are effective at treating mood problems, they may also affect the breasts in a way that might delay the formation of the milk supply.

The authors note that more studies need to be done in people before any recommendations can be made, but it is worth noting the potential suppressive effect that certain antidepressants can have, especially in light of the fact that depression is not uncommon after giving birth.

According to the National Women’s Health Information Center, nearly 13% of pregnant women and new mothers report feeling depressed. The condition can manifest itself as a loss of appetite, the inability to sleep, feelings of anxiety and sadness, loss of interest in parenting, and even entertaining thoughts of hurting your baby or yourself.

If you feel you are suffering from postpartum depression, seek help as soon as possible. Speak with your doctor and reach out to friends and family members for help. For more information, check out the website for the National Institutes of Health and WomensHealth.gov.